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Birds are avian dinosaurs, and in phylogenetic taxonomy their over 11,000 extant species are included in the group Dinosauria. Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles [note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the ...
The history of paleontology traces the history of the effort to understand the history of life on Earth by studying the fossil record left behind by living organisms. Since it is concerned with understanding living organisms of the past, paleontology can be considered to be a field of biology, but its historical development has been closely tied to geology and the effort to understand the ...
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, [a] also known as the K–T extinction, [b] was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth [2][3] approximately 66 million years ago. The event caused the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs.
Late Devonian: 375 million years ago, 75% of species lost, including most trilobites. End Permian, The Great Dying: 251 million years ago, 96% of species lost, including tabulate corals, and most trees and synapsids. End Triassic: 200 million years ago, 80% of species lost, including all conodonts. End Cretaceous: 66 million years ago, 76% of ...
Raymond B. Cowles proposed that the dinosaurs went extinct when Earth's climate became so hot and dry that it affected the ability of male dinosaurs to produce sperm cells. [23] 1946. Edwin Harris Colbert and others proposed that the dinosaurs went extinct when Earth's climate became too hot and dry to support them. [23] 1949
Skeletal mount of the Tyrannosaurus holotype.. This timeline of tyrannosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the tyrannosaurs, a group of predatory theropod dinosaurs that began as small, long-armed bird-like creatures with elaborate cranial ornamentation but achieved apex predator status during the Late Cretaceous as their arms shrank and ...
Stygivenator molnari. (Paul, 1988a emend Paul, 1990) Olshevsky, 1995. Tyrannosaurus (/ tɪˌrænəˈsɔːrəs, taɪ -/) [a] is a genus of large theropod dinosaur. The type species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to T. rex or colloquially T-Rex, is one of the best represented theropods.
1859 — Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. 1861 — The first Archaeopteryx, skeleton is found in Bavaria, Germany, and recognized as a transitional form between reptiles and birds. 1869 — Joseph Lockyer starts the scientific journal Nature. 1871 — Othniel Charles Marsh discovers the first American pterosaur fossils.