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Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]
The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...
The economics of these early Muslim societies were not favourable to a comfortable life for women. More important, during Islam's second and third centuries the interpretation of the Qur'an was in the hands of deeply conservative scholars, whose decisions are not easy to challenge today." [37]
An ongoing dispute concerns the identity of the second male Muslim, that is, the first male who accepted the teachings of Muhammad. [3] [2] Shia and some Sunni sources identify him as Muhammad's cousin, Ali ibn Abi Talib, aged between nine and eleven at the time. [4] For instance, this is reported by the Sunni historian Ibn Hisham (d.
Between 1967 and 2003 some 757,626 Arabs came to the United States, nearly eleven times the number of immigrants during the second wave. [22] Moreover, during this time, in addition to increasingly regular conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors, this era was marked by widespread "intra-Arab warfare" and a general increase in religious ...
The views of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach on the categorization of the major races of mankind developed over the course of the 1770s to 1820s. He introduced a four-fold division in 1775, extended to five in 1779, later borne out in his work on craniology ( Decas craniorum , published during 1790–1828).
The concept of a Malay race was originally proposed by the German physician Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), and classified as a brown race. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Malay is a loose term used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to describe the Austronesian peoples .
Relationship between Prophet Muhammad, his companions (Sahaba), their followers (Tabi'un), and the followers of the followers (Taba Tabi'un).. Salaf (Arabic: سلف, "ancestors" or "predecessors"), also often referred to with the honorific expression of al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ (السلف الصالح, "the pious predecessors"), are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims. [1]