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The current iteration of the Constitution of Liechtenstein was adopted in March 2003, amending the 1921 constitution.The 1921 constitution had established Liechtenstein as a constitutional monarchy headed by the reigning prince of the Princely House of Liechtenstein; a parliamentary system had been established, although the reigning Prince retained substantial political authority.
This article lists political parties in Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein has a two-party system where the two largest political parties —the Patriotic Union (VU) and the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP)— dominate politics within the Landtag of Liechtenstein , frequently in coalition.
Political parties did not exist in Liechtenstein until 1918. [1] [2] Before the ratification of the 1921 constitution, the head of government was not elected, but rather appointed by the prince of Liechtenstein, thus elections were only held to elect members of the Landtag.
Elections in Liechtenstein take place at a national level within a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. The Landtag of Liechtenstein has 25 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in two multi-seat constituencies. The country also holds mayoral and municipal elections for four-year terms.
During the government's term in office, in November 2022, the Landtag of Liechtenstein passed a motion calling on the government to introduce a bill legalizing same-sex marriage, with broad support from across the political spectrum. A bill legalizing same-sex marriage was introduced in February 2024 and passed its final reading in the Landtag ...
The appointed head of government is typically the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Landtag or a coalition of parties. The head of government cannot be a member of the Landtag at the same time, although they should meet the eligibility requirements for that office.
The 25 members of the Landtag are elected by open list proportional representation from two constituencies, Oberland with 15 seats and Unterland with 10 seats. Voters vote for a party list and then may strike through candidates they do not wish to cast a preferential vote for and may add names of candidates from other lists. [5]
The 2021 Liechtenstein general election was held on 7 February 2021 to elect the 25 members of the Landtag. [1] It was the 48th legislative term, and ended on 9 February 2025. [2] The Landtag consists of the elected members, who then elect the president and the government. [3] Of the 25 elected, 11 were newcomers, and 7 were women. [4]