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PERMA is a model of psychological well-being developed by Martin Seligman. The mnemonic acronym stands for the five core elements of well-being: Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment. [ 1 ]
Positive psychology began as a new domain of psychology in 1998 when Martin Seligman chose it as the theme for his term as president of the American Psychological Association. [3] [4] It is a reaction against past practices that tended to focus on mental illness and emphasized maladaptive behavior and negative thinking.
Psychologist Martin Seligman (1942–present) articulated the PERMA theory as a model of well-being in general. Its five elements are positive emotions, engagement by following one's interests, interpersonal relationships, finding meaning in life, and accomplishments in the pursuit of success and mastery. [112]
Martin Elias Peter Seligman (/ ˈ s ɛ l ɪ ɡ m ə n /; born August 12, 1942) is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books. Seligman is a strong promoter within the scientific community of his theories of well-being and positive psychology. [1] His theory of learned helplessness is popular among scientific and clinical ...
According to Martin Seligman, anyone can learn optimism. Whether currently an optimist or a pessimist, benefits can be gained from exposure to the process of learned optimism to improve response to both big and small adversities. A learned optimism test (developed by Seligman) is used to determine an individual's base level of optimism.
The concept has also been used by Martin E.P. Seligman, the founder of positive psychology, in his 2011 publication Flourish. [57] Seligman, usually considered the father of positive psychology, characterizes human flourishing as excellence in 5 fields: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement. [58]
n November 1954, 29-year-old Sammy Davis Jr. was driving to Hollywood when a car crash left his eye mangled beyond repair. Doubting his potential as a one-eyed entertainer, the burgeoning performer sought a solution at the same venerable institution where other misfortunate starlets had gone to fill their vacant sockets: Mager & Gougelman, a family-owned business in New York City that has ...
Since Martin Seligman, a former head of American Psychological Association, chose positive psychology as the theme of his presidency term, more empirical research and theoretic development emerged in this field. Two new branches of positive psychology are being implemented into the industrial-organizational world.