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Peritoneal dialysis can be improvised in conditions such as combat surgery or disaster relief using surgical catheters and dialysate made from routinely available medical solutions to provide temporary renal replacement for people with no other options.
In peritoneal dialysis, wastes and water are removed from the blood inside the body using the peritoneum as a natural semipermeable membrane. Waste and excess water move from the blood, across the visceral peritoneum due to its large surface area and into a special dialysis solution, called dialysate, in the peritoneal cavity within the abdomen.
Renal replacement therapy includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration, which are various ways of filtration of blood with or without machines. Renal replacement therapy also includes kidney transplantation , which is the ultimate form of replacement in that the old kidney is replaced by a donor ...
Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of filtering the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from the blood when the kidneys are in a state of kidney failure.
Dialysis is the process used to change the matrix of molecules in a sample by differentiating molecules by the classification of size. [6] [7] It relies on diffusion, which is the random, thermal movement of molecules in solution (Brownian motion) that leads to the net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Aluminium toxicity is known to result from high levels of aluminium in water used to prepare dialysate; therefore, aluminium levels in water supplies used to prepare dialysate must be measured on a regular basis, especially in regions where aluminium is added to the water supply as well as areas with high aluminium concentrations in ground or ...
However, only a small portion of dialysis patients use peritoneal dialysis treatment because it requires large amounts of dialysate to be stored and disposed. A healthy individual's kidneys filter blood 24 hours/day, 168 hours/week compared to an individual with end-stage renal disease whose dialysis treatment plan is approximately 12 hours a week.
The type of peritoneal dialysis, the amount of solution, the number of exchanges, and the length of the dwells are determined by many factors including body size, the amount of remaining kidney function, and how rapidly the peritoneal membrane transports wastes across the peritoneal membrane into the dialysis solution.
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