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A systematic review update in 2022 demonstrated that pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. It also found that risk factors for severe COVID-19 in pregnant people included high body mass index, being of an older age, being of non-white ethnic origin, having pre-existing comorbidities, having pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes.
High-mortality events in general have been shown to result in a reduction in conception, as seen in birth rates nine months later. Lyman Stone in March 2020 suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic would cause a severe reduction in birth rate due to the disease's low case fatality rate, citing occasions on which high death rates motivate an increase in birth rate to replenish populations. [3]
Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old. [5] [6] Many birth defects are believed to involve multiple factors. [6] Birth defects may be visible at birth or diagnosed by screening tests. [10]
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, also known as SARS-2) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever, [7] fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste.
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV. [105] Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 SARS outbreak, SARS‑CoV‑2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (beta-CoV lineage B). [106] [107] Coronaviruses undergo frequent recombination. [108]
These risk factors can effect fetal development and lead to various fetal conditions such as CHD (including TOF), Down Syndrome and Autism. [ 40 ] Embryology studies show that anterior malalignment of the aorticopulmonary septum results in the clinical combination of a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis , and an overriding aorta .
The United States passed a grim milestone last week: Amid an ongoing outbreak in West Texas, an unvaccinated six-year-old died after being hospitalized with the measles—the first reported death ...
Preterm birth, defined as birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation, is a major basis of infant mortality throughout childhood. Exposures to environmental toxins such as lead, tobacco smoke, and DDT have been linked with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, or preterm birth. [3]
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