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Opel engine codes explained 1. = Emissions controls 2./3. = Displacement (in tenths of liters) 4. = Compression ratio 5. = Fuel feed (only on gasoline engines) 5./6. = Special conditions empty = no emissions controls/ECE R83A 12 = 1.2 Liter G = < 8.5:1 V = Carburetor: A = Egyptian market/revised version P = High Output (until 2000)
Sustainable automotive air conditioning is the subject of a debate – also known as the Cool War – about the next-generation refrigerant in car air conditioning. An advocacy group, The Alliance for CO 2 Solutions , supports the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a refrigerant in passenger cars, and the chemical industry is developing new ...
VIN on a Chinese moped VIN on a 1996 Porsche 993 GT2 VIN visible in the windshield VIN recorded on a Chinese vehicle licence. A vehicle identification number (VIN; also called a chassis number or frame number) is a unique code, including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, as defined by the ...
This allows the engine's idle speed to be maintained constant. The linear servo is most commonly a combination of a DC motor, lead screw and a digital optical encoder. There is essentially no difference in efficiency between the technique of bypassing the throttle butterfly and operating the butterfly itself.
Also gas pedal. A throttle in the form of a foot-operated pedal, or sometimes a hand-operated lever or paddle, by which the flow of fuel to the engine (and thereby the engine speed) is controlled, with depression of the pedal causing the vehicle to accelerate. admission stroke See induction stroke. aftermarket air brake 1. A type of brake in which the force that actuates the brake mechanism is ...
An AC motor is generally cheaper but the components required to run it in an electric vehicle such as the controller and inverter makes it more expensive than the DC motor. A unique feature of electric vehicles compared to its gasoline counterparts, the electric vehicle is more simple than the gasoline vehicle. [ 9 ]
Direct torque control (DTC) is one method used in variable-frequency drives to control the torque (and thus finally the speed) of three-phase AC electric motors.This involves calculating an estimate of the motor's magnetic flux and torque based on the measured voltage and current of the motor.
LSPI events are random and infrequent, and their effects on impacted vehicles can include very high-pressure spikes, loud knocking noises and sometimes catastrophic engine damage. [4] It's commonly known as "Detonation or Knock". Engine management systems can overcome pre ignition by the means of a knock or detonation sensor.