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Populations of large predatory fish in the global oceans were estimated to be about 10% of their pre-industrial levels by 2003, [1] and they are most at risk of extinction; there was a disproportionate level of large predatory fish extinctions during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. [2]
Epinephelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world.
The dorsal fin contains 12–13 spines and a similar number of soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 12–13 soft rays, the second spine is slightly thicker and longer than the third. The entire body is covered in scales apart from the tip of the snout, lips and chin. [ 3 ]
Two chaetognath species, Caecosagitta macrocephala and Eukrohnia fowleri, have bioluminescent organs on their fins. [13] [14] Chaetognaths swim in short bursts using a dorso-ventral undulating body motion, where their tail fin assists with propulsion and the body fins with stabilization and steering. [15]
The protruding lower jaw of the barracuda helps in its carnivorous feeding habits, aiding in catching slippery fish. The average weight of the Pacific barracuda is about 1–3 kg; their total length is about 1-1.1 m, rarely exceeding 1.2 m. Pacific barracuda have a distinctly forked tail-fin and widely-separated dorsal fins. [3]
The European perch (Perca fluviatilis), also known as the common perch, redfin perch, big-scaled redfin, English perch, Euro perch, Eurasian perch, Eurasian river perch, Hatch, poor man's rockfish or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the perch, is a predatory freshwater fish native to Europe and North Asia. It is the type species of the ...
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caudal fin: composed of 2-4 spines and 4-14 soft rays, with dark bands at basal and subterminal positions. pelvic fin: composed of one spine and 3-5 soft rays. pectoral fin: composed of 10-12 rays. The two most caudal rays of each pectoral fin are detached from the rest of the fin, and angled in a ventral direction. The fish employ these two ...