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Ghost shirts are shirts, or other clothing items, worn by members of the Ghost Dance religion, and thought to be imbued with spiritual powers. The religion was founded by Wovoka (Jack Wilson), a Northern Paiute Native American, in the late 19th century and quickly spread throughout the Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin and Plains tribes .
While many followers of the Ghost Dance believed Wovoka to be a teacher of pacifism and peace, others did not. An Arapaho buckskin ghost shirt, ca 1890. An elaboration of the Ghost Dance concept was the development of ghost shirts, which were special clothing that warriors could wear. They were rumored to repel bullets through spiritual power.
The Ghost Shirt is a shirt that is believed to have been worn by a Sioux warrior killed in the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. The shirt is plain cotton, has raven, owl, and eagle feathers hanging from the neck, and is pierced in several places with bullet holes.
Lakota ambassadors to Wovoka, Kicking Bear and Short Bull, taught the Lakota that while performing the Ghost Dance, they would wear special Ghost Dance shirts, as had been seen by Black Elk in a vision. Kicking Bear misunderstood the meaning of the shirts, and said that the shirts had the power to repel bullets. [20]
He was active in the Ghost Dance religious movement of 1890, and had traveled with fellow Lakota Kicking Bear to Nevada to visit the movement's leader, Wovoka.The two were instrumental in bringing the movement to the Lakota living on reservations in South Dakota, and Short Bull became the ranking apostle of the movement to the Brulé at Rosebud Reservation.
Wovoka was born in the Smith Valley area southeast of Carson City, Nevada around 1856. Quoitze Ow was his birth name. [4] Wovoka's father was Numu-tibo'o (sometimes called Tavibo), who for several decades was incorrectly believed to be Wodziwob, a religious leader who had founded the Ghost Dance of 1870. [5]
Porcupine in later life. Porcupine (c. 1848–1929) was a Cheyenne chief and medicine man.He is best known for bringing the Ghost Dance religion to the Cheyenne. Raised with the Sioux of a Cheyenne mother, he married a Cheyenne himself and became a warrior in the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers.
Butoh, a Japanese dance form; Ghost Dance War, an 1890–1891 armed conflict between the Lakota and the United States; Ghost shirt, a garment worn by some of the dancers in the ceremonies "Ghostdancing", a 1983 song by Simple Minds; Spirit Dance (disambiguation)
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