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James Eric Cutting is an American cognitive scientist and researcher. He is the Susan Linn Sage Professor emeritus in the Department of Psychology at Cornell University.He is known most recently for his research studying how the structure of movies in American cinema has evolved over the years, [1] in terms of physical attributes and narratives. [2]
When considering the nature and effects of object-based attention, [9] three research theories are commonly mentioned; [10] these are presented below. Consideration is then given to the enhancing effect of object-based attention on memory, and its inhibitory effect during certain kinds of visual search.
The Zeigarnik effect suggests that students who suspend their study to perform unrelated activities (such as studying a different subject or playing a game), will remember material better than students who complete study sessions without a break (McKinney 1935; Zeigarnik 1927). [5] [6]
The effect has been the subject of contemporary attention from parapsychologists and other researchers from the 1980s onwards, most notably Rupert Sheldrake. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The feeling is a common one, being reported by over two thirds of the students questioned in a 1913 study.
The review argues that perceptual load theory has been misconstrued as a hybrid solution to the early selection versus late selection debate, and that it is instead an early selection model: selection occurs because attention is necessary for semantic processing, and the difference between high-load and low-load conditions is a result of the ...
Attenuation theory, also known as Treisman's attenuation model, is a theory of selective attention proposed by psychologist Anne Treisman that explains how the mind processes sensory input by weakening (attenuating) unattended stimuli rather than fully blocking them. [1]
It is a significant threat to a research study's external validity and is typically controlled for using blind experiment designs. There are several forms of reactivity. The Hawthorne effect occurs when research study participants know they are being studied and alter their performance because of the attention they receive from the experimenters.
The McGurk effect is weaker when there is a visual distractor present that the listener is attending to. [28] Visual attention modulates audiovisual speech perception. [28] Another form of distraction is movement of the speaker. A stronger McGurk effect is elicited if the speaker's face/head is motionless, rather than moving. [29]