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Four numbering schemes for the uniform polyhedra are in common use, distinguished by letters: [C] Coxeter et al., 1954, showed the convex forms as figures 15 through 32; three prismatic forms, figures 33–35; and the nonconvex forms, figures 36–92.
The following polyhedra are combinatorially equivalent to the regular octahedron. They all have six vertices, eight triangular faces, and twelve edges that correspond one-for-one with the features of it: Triangular antiprisms: Two faces are equilateral, lie on parallel planes, and have a common axis of symmetry. The other six triangles are ...
A regular polyhedron is identified by its Schläfli symbol of the form {n, m}, where n is the number of sides of each face and m the number of faces meeting at each vertex. There are 5 finite convex regular polyhedra (the Platonic solids ), and four regular star polyhedra (the Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra ), making nine regular polyhedra in all.
The shape of the canonical polyhedron (but not its scale or position) is uniquely determined by the combinatorial structure of the given polyhedron. [55] By forgetting the face structure, any polyhedron gives rise to a graph, called its skeleton, with corresponding vertices and edges.
A deltahedron is a polyhedron whose faces are all equilateral triangles. The deltahedron was named by Martyn Cundy, after the Greek capital letter delta resembling a triangular shape Δ. [1] Deltahedra can be categorized by the property of convexity. The simplest convex deltahedron is the regular tetrahedron, a pyramid with four equilateral ...
The smallest polyhedron is the tetrahedron with 4 triangular faces, 6 edges, and 4 vertices. Named polyhedra primarily come from the families of platonic solids , Archimedean solids , Catalan solids , and Johnson solids , as well as dihedral symmetry families including the pyramids , bipyramids , prisms , antiprisms , and trapezohedrons .
A cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square.
The capsids of some viruses have the shape of geodesic polyhedra, [1] [2] and some pollen grains are based on geodesic polyhedra. [3] Fullerene molecules have the shape of Goldberg polyhedra . Geodesic polyhedra are available as geometric primitives in the Blender 3D modeling software package , which calls them icospheres : they are an ...