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Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] It is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words.
In some cases the cause is unknown. However, there are various known causes of speech impairments, such as hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, an increase in mental strain, constant bullying, intellectual disability, substance use disorder, physical impairments such as cleft lip and palate, and vocal abuse or misuse. [12]
Aphonia is defined as the inability to produce voiced sound. [1] This may result from damage, such as surgery (e.g., thyroidectomy) or a tumor., [2] or can be a result of psychological means. Aphonia means "no sound.” In other words, a person with this disorder has lost their voice and is unable to communicate vocally. [3]
Inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that envelop the brain and the spinal cord; may cause hearing loss or deafness. Middle ear Part of the ear that includes the eardrum and three tiny bones of the middle ear, ending at the round window that leads to the inner ear. Misarticulation Innacurately produced speech sound (phoneme) or sounds.
Speech sound disorders (SSDs) can arise from a variety of causes, which are generally categorized into organic and functional factors: Organic causes These include physical or neurological issues that affect speech production: hearing loss, including temporary hearing loss, such as from ear infections; developmental disorders (e.g. autism)
Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
Wernicke's primary responsibility is to assign meaning to these speech sounds. The extent of the lesion will determine the severity of the patients deficits related to language. Damage to the surrounding areas (perisylvian region) may also result in Wernicke's aphasia symptoms due to variation in individual neuroanatomical structure and any co ...
In one case study, each of the three sound types (music, environmental sounds, speech) was also shown to recover independently (Mendez and Geehan, 1988-case 2 [22]). It is yet unclear whether general auditory agnosia is a combination of milder auditory disorders, or whether the source of this disorder is at an earlier auditory processing stage.