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Purkinje cells mainly release GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter, which inhibits some neurons to reduce nerve impulse transmission. Purkinje cells efficiently control and coordinate the body's motor motions through these inhibitory actions. [3] [4]
The Purkinje fibers are further specialized to rapidly conduct impulses (having numerous fast voltage-gated sodium channels and mitochondria, and fewer myofibrils, than the surrounding muscle tissue). Purkinje fibers take up stain differently from the surrounding muscle cells because of having relatively fewer myofibrils than other cardiac cells.
They are also often found in the Purkinje cells [1] of the cerebellar cortex from postmortem brain samples of rabies victims. They consist of ribonuclear proteins produced by the virus. [2] They are named for Adelchi Negri. [3]
Purkinje cells receive more synaptic inputs than any other type of cell in the brain—estimates of the number of spines on a single human Purkinje cell run as high as 200,000. [11] The large, spherical cell bodies of Purkinje cells are packed into a narrow layer (one cell thick) of the cerebellar cortex, called the Purkinje layer.
The middle layer contains only one type of cell body—that of the large Purkinje cell. Purkinje cells are the primary integrative neurons of the cerebellar cortex and provide its sole output. Purkinje cell dendrites are large arbors with hundreds of spiny branches reaching up into the molecular layer (Fig. 6).
Drawing of Purkinje cells (A) and granule cells (B) from pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899.Instituto Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. The name granule cell has been used for a number of different types of neurons whose only common feature is that they all have very small cell bodies.
Stained purkinje cell from a human cerebellum. High density of P type calcium channels found on the dendrites. The majority of P-type calcium channels are located in the nervous system and heart. Antibody labeling is the primary method used to identify channel location. [7] Areas of high expression in mammalian systems include: Purkinje cell ...
Early in development, Purkinje cells are innervated by multiple climbing fibers, but as the cerebellum matures, these inputs gradually become eliminated resulting in a single climbing fiber input per Purkinje cell. These fibers provide very powerful, excitatory input to the cerebellum which results in the generation of complex spike excitatory ...