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The classical definition of a stem cell requires that it possesses two properties: Self-renewal: the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell growth and cell division, known as cell proliferation, while maintaining the undifferentiated state. Potency: the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types.
Advanced Placement (AP) [4] is a program in the United States and Canada created by the College Board.AP offers undergraduate university-level curricula and examinations to high school students.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions or light reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the hydrogen carrier NADPH and the energy-storage molecule ATP. During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide.
The mechanical properties of proteins are highly diverse and are often central to their biological function, as in the case of proteins like keratin and collagen. [96] For instance, the ability of muscle tissue to continually expand and contract is directly tied to the elastic properties of their underlying protein makeup.
Spiritual ecology is an emerging field in religion, conservation, and academia that proposes that there is a spiritual facet to all issues related to conservation, environmentalism, and earth stewardship. [1]
If at least one of these properties is the result of soil-forming processes, the layer is called a soil horizon. In the following, the term layer is used to indicate the possibility that soil-forming processes did not occur. The following layers are distinguished (see Chapter 3.3 of the WRB Manual):
The shells of individuals within the bivalve mollusk species Donax variabilis show diverse coloration and patterning in their phenotypes. Here the relation between genotype and phenotype is illustrated, using a Punnett square, for the character of petal color in pea plants.
Morphology of a male skeleton shrimp, Caprella mutica Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. [1]This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal ...