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Yield strength (0.2% offset, ksi) Tensile strength (ksi) Elongation in 2 inches (percent) Hardness (Brinell scale) Comments Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133) Cu 99.9 Annealed 10 32 45 42 Electrical equipment, roofing, screens Cold-drawn 40 45 15 90 Cold-rolled 40 46 5 100 Gilding metal (ASTM B36) Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0 Cold-rolled 50 56 5 114
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.
The Brinell hardness number can be correlated with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), although the relationship is dependent on the material, and therefore determined empirically. The relationship is based on Meyer's index (n) from Meyer's law. If Meyer's index is less than 2.2 then the ratio of UTS to BHN is 0.36.
Bronze. For steels where lower temperature than with pure copper is required. 92: 7.7: 0.3: Cu 87.8 Sn 12 P 0.2: Cu–Sn 825/990 [1] – CU 202. Bronze. Requires fast heating to avoid problems with wide melting range. 87.8: 12: 0.2: Cu 86.5 Sn 7 P 6.5: Cu–Sn 649/700 [27] – Silvacap 35490. Bronze. Self-fluxing on copper. Generally provides ...
At 500 °C it is still 0.8% Si, at 400 °C 0.3% Si and at 250 °C only 0.05% Si. At room temperature, silicon is practically insoluble. Aluminum cannot be dissolved in silicon at all, not even at high temperatures. Only in the molten state are both completely soluble. Increases in strength due to solid solution strengthening are negligible. [7]
Larger amounts of silicon are alloyed to form with magnesium Mg 2 Si (magnesium silicide) which, like aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy, improves strength and hardenability. [13] Lithium is added to some alloys with contents between 1.5% and 2.5%. Due to the very low density of Li (0.53 g/cm³ compared to 2.7 g/cm³ of aluminium), this leads to ...
In addition to magnesium and silicon, other elements are contained in the standardized varieties. Copper is used to improve strength and hot curing in quantities of 0.2-1%. It forms the Q phase (Al 4 Mg 8 Si 7 Cu 2). Copper leads to a denser dispersion of needle-shaped, semi-coherent excretion (cluster of magnesium and silicon).