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However, where dairy is a larger component of the normal diet, a number of efforts may be useful. There are four general principles in dealing with lactose intolerance: avoidance of dietary lactose, substitution to maintain nutrient intake, regulation of calcium intake, and use of enzyme substitute. [43]
An elimination diet, also known as exclusion diet, is a diagnostic procedure used to identify foods that an individual cannot consume without adverse effects. [1] Adverse effects may be due to food allergy, food intolerance, other physiological mechanisms (such as metabolic or toxins), [2] or a combination of these. Elimination diets typically ...
Milk allergy is distinct from lactose intolerance, which is a nonallergic food sensitivity caused by the lack of the enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose. The unabsorbed lactose reaches the large intestine, where resident bacteria use it for fuel, releasing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane ...
For vitamin B12, the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for pregnancy is 2.6 μg/day, for lactation 2.8 μg/day. Determination of these values was based on a RDA of 2.4 μg/day for non-pregnant women plus what will be transferred to the fetus during pregnancy and what will be delivered in breast milk.
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) results in poor feeding, failure to thrive, chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease, and death. HFI is caused by a deficiency of fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase in the liver, kidney cortex and small intestine. Infants and adults are asymptomatic unless they ingest fructose or sucrose.
In the U.S., about 36% of people are lactose-intolerant, according to the National Institute of Health, with people of color being much more likely to have lactose malabsorption.
Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.
Lactose intolerance is found in most adults, except for specific geographic populations, notably those of European descent. [20] Many who benefit from a low FODMAP diet need not restrict fructose or lactose. It is possible to identify these two conditions with hydrogen and methane breath testing, thus eliminating the necessity for dietary ...