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The Broström operation (or Broström-Gould technique) is a repair of ligaments on lateral ankle. It is designed to address ankle instability. More importantly, it is primarily used to repair the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) in the ankle. It is thought that the majority of patients regain most function in their ankles.
The deltoid ligament (or medial ligament of talocrural joint) is a strong, flat, triangular band, attached, above, to the apex and anterior and posterior borders of the medial malleolus. The deltoid ligament supports the ankle joint and also resists excessive eversion of the foot. [1] The deltoid ligament is composed of 4 fibers:
Damage to the deltoid ligament and syndesmotic ligaments result in mortise instability, causing the talus to laterally shift and widen the medial clear space. [ 4 ] [ 12 ] A clinical study, conducted in 2006 and published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery , found that the medial clear space size of a normal ankle and an injured ankle ...
medial malleolus fracture or deltoid ligament injury present; unstable: requires ORIF; Categories B and C imply a degree of damage to the syndesmosis itself (which cannot be directly visualised on X-ray). They are inherently unstable and are more likely to require operative repair to achieve a good outcome.
posterior talofibular ligament; The posterior talofibular ligament runs horizontally between the neck of the talus and the medial side of lateral malleolus calcaneofibular ligament; The calcaneofibular ligament is attached on the posteromedial side of lateral malleolus and descends posteroinferiorly below to a lateral side of the calcaneus.
These ligaments include the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). [9] The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), which connects the fibula to the calcaneus, or heel bone, also provides lateral support. The deltoid ligament provides support to the medial part of the ankle (closest to the midline).
A grade 1 sprain is defined as mild damage to a ligament or ligaments without instability of the affected joint. A grade 2 sprain is considered a partial tear to the ligament, in which it is stretched to the point that it becomes loose. A grade 3 sprain is a complete tear of a ligament, causing instability in the affected joint. [3]
Though the different articular cartilage repair procedures differ in the technologies and surgical techniques used, they all share the same aim to repair articular cartilage whilst keeping options open for alternative treatments in the future. Broadly taken, there are five major types of articular cartilage repair: [citation needed]