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Analysis. "Message to the Grass Roots" was one of Malcolm X's last speeches as a member of the Nation of Islam. A few weeks after delivering the speech, Elijah Muhammad, the Nation's leader, silenced Malcolm X for comments he made with respect to the assassination of President Kennedy. [ 1] On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X announced his departure ...
Black Panther Party. The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a Marxist–Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. [ 8][ 9][ 10] The party was active in the United States between 1966 and 1982, with ...
Civil rights movement Washington D.C. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as simply the March on Washington or the Great March on Washington, [ 1 ][ 2 ] was held in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. [ 3 ] The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans.
A bronze ingot melted from the statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee is shown during a news conference on Thursday, Oct. 26, 2023 in Charlottesville, Va. (Cal Cary/The Daily Progress via AP)
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The Organization of Afro-American Unity ( OAAU) was a Pan-Africanist organization founded by Malcolm X in 1964. The OAAU was modeled on the Organization of African Unity, which had impressed Malcolm X during his visit to Africa in April and May 1964. The purpose of the OAAU was to fight for the human rights of African Americans and promote ...
Joseph says Malcolm X was frustrated by how slow nonviolent protest was at bringing about change. As Malcolm X put it at a rally in Harlem two days before the encounter, “There will be ...
The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery. The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote, in defiance of ...