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ferric chloride may be used for etching copper or zinc plates, whereas nitric acid may be used for etching zinc or steel plates. Typical solutions are 1 part FeCl 3 to 1 part water and 1 part nitric to 3 parts water. The strength of the acid determines the speed of the etching process. The etching process is known as biting (see also spit ...
Phosphate conversion coating. Phosphate conversion coating is a chemical treatment applied to steel parts that creates a thin adhering layer of iron, zinc, or manganese phosphates, to achieve corrosion resistance, lubrication, or as a foundation for subsequent coatings or painting. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is one of the most common types of conversion ...
Copper interconnects. In semiconductor technology, copper interconnects are interconnects made of copper. They are used in silicon integrated circuits (ICs) to reduce propagation delays and power consumption. Since copper is a better conductor than aluminium, ICs using copper for their interconnects can have interconnects with narrower ...
Zinc phosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn 3 (PO 4) 2. This white powder is widely used as a corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces either as part of an electroplating process or applied as a primer pigment (see also red lead). It has largely displaced toxic materials based on lead or chromium, and by 2006 it had become ...
Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu SO 4.It forms hydrates CuSO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, [10] while its anhydrous form is white. [11]
Wet etching was widely used in the 1960s and 1970s, [133] [134] but it was replaced by dry etching/plasma etching starting at the 10 micron to 3 micron nodes [135] [136] because wet etching makes undercuts which is etching under mask layers or resist layers with patterns. [137] [138] [139] Dry etching has become the dominant etching technique ...
Dental cements have a wide range of dental and orthodontic applications. Common uses include temporary restoration of teeth, cavity linings to provide pulpal protection, sedation or insulation and cementing fixed prosthodontic appliances. [1] Recent uses of dental cement also include two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity in brains of ...
Chromate conversion coating or alodine coating is a type of conversion coating used to passivate steel, aluminium, zinc, cadmium, copper, silver, titanium, magnesium, and tin alloys. [1] : p.1265 [2] The coating serves as a corrosion inhibitor, as a primer to improve the adherence of paints and adhesives, [2] as a decorative finish, or to ...