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  2. Isotopes of carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon

    Carbon (6 C) has 14 known isotopes, from 8 C to 20 C as well as 22 C, of which 12 C and 13 C are stable.The longest-lived radioisotope is 14 C, with a half-life of 5.70(3) × 10 3 years. . This is also the only carbon radioisotope found in nature, as trace quantities are formed cosmogenically by the reactio

  3. List of elements by stability of isotopes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by...

    The darker more stable isotope region departs from the line of protons (Z) = neutrons (N), as the element number Z becomes larger. This is a list of chemical elements by the stability of their isotopes. Of the first 82 elements in the periodic table, 80 have isotopes considered to be stable. [1] Overall, there are 251 known stable isotopes in ...

  4. Carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

    Isotopes of carbon are atomic nuclei that contain six protons plus a number of neutrons (varying from 2 to 16). Carbon has two stable, naturally occurring isotopes. [69] The isotope carbon-12 (12 C) forms 98.93% of the carbon on Earth, while carbon-13 (13 C) forms the remaining 1.07%. [69]

  5. List of radioactive nuclides by half-life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radioactive...

    This is a list of radioactive nuclides (sometimes also called isotopes), ordered by half-life from shortest to longest, in seconds, minutes, hours, days and years. Current methods make it difficult to measure half-lives between approximately 10 −19 and 10 −10 seconds.

  6. Carbon-12 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-12

    Carbon-12 (12 C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; [1] its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.

  7. Carbon group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_group

    There are 15 known isotopes of carbon. Of these, three are naturally occurring. The most common is stable carbon-12, followed by stable carbon-13. [13] Carbon-14 is a natural radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5,730 years. [18] 23 isotopes of silicon have been discovered. Five of these are naturally occurring.

  8. Carbon-13 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-13

    Carbon-13 (13 C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons. As one of the environmental isotopes , it makes up about 1.1% of all natural carbon on Earth.

  9. δ13C - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Δ13C

    Foraminifera samples. In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δ 13 C (pronounced "delta thirteen c") is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of the two stable isotopes of carbon— 13 C and 12 C—reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰). [1]