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[146] [147] Historically the comity theory has been used although the definition is unclear, sometimes referring to reciprocity and sometimes being used as a synonym for private international law. [148] [149] Story distinguished it from "any absolute paramount obligation, superseding all discretion on the subject". [149]
Wishful thinking. Wishful thinking is the formation of beliefs based on what might be pleasing to imagine, rather than on evidence, rationality, or reality. It is a product of resolving conflicts between belief and desire. [ 1] Methodologies to examine wishful thinking are diverse.
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. [ 1] Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual ...
Working, full-time students have less time to study, which can make passing classes much more difficult. You may begin to perform poorly on tests and fall behind. This is especially true if you ...
Arguments that drug laws are effective. Supporters of prohibition claim that drug laws have a successful track record suppressing illicit drug use since they were introduced in the 1910s. [ 1][ 2] The licit drug alcohol has current (last 12 months) user rates as high as 80–90% in populations over 14 years of age, [ 3] and tobacco has ...
Criticism of Islam, including of Islamic beliefs, practices, and doctrines, can take many forms, including academic critiques, political criticism, religious criticism, and personal opinions. Criticism of Islam has been present since its formative stages, and early expressions of disapproval were made by Christians, Jews, Arab polytheists and ...
Criticism of Christianity has a long history which stretches back to the initial formation of the religion in the Roman Empire. Critics have challenged Christian beliefs and teachings as well as Christian actions, from the Crusades to modern terrorism. The arguments against Christianity include the suppositions that it is a faith of violence ...
An addictive behavior is a behavior, or a stimulus related to a behavior (e.g., sex or food), that is both rewarding and reinforcing, and is associated with the development of an addiction. There are two main forms of addiction: substance use disorders (including alcohol, tobacco, drugs and cannabis) and behavioral addiction (including sex ...