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The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific point on the Celsius temperature scale or to a difference or range between two temperatures. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who proposed the first version of it in 1742. The unit was called centigrade in several languages (from the Latin centum ...
Absolute zero. Zero kelvin (−273.15 °C) is defined as absolute zero. Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value. The fundamental particles of nature have minimum vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero ...
The current official highest registered air temperature on Earth is 56.7 °C (134.1 °F), recorded on 10 July 1913 at Furnace Creek Ranch, in Death Valley in the United States. [ 1] For few years, a former record that was measured in Libya had been in place, until it was decertified in 2012 based on evidence that it was an erroneous reading.
The 19th century British scientist Lord Kelvin first developed and proposed the scale. [ 5] It was often called the "absolute Celsius" scale in the early 20th century. [ 6] The kelvin was formally added to the International System of Units in 1954, defining 273.16 K to be the triple point of water.
Lowest temperature recorded on Earth. Aerial photograph of Vostok Station, the coldest directly observed location on Earth. The lowest natural temperature ever directly recorded at ground level on Earth is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F; 184.0 K) at the then-Soviet Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983 by ground measurements. [ 1]
The "degree Kelvin" (°K) is a former name and symbol for the SI unit of temperature on the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale. [ 1] Since 1967, it has been known simply as the kelvin, with symbol K (without a degree symbol). [ 2][ 3][ 4] Degree absolute (°A) is obsolete terminology, often referring specifically to the kelvin but ...
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...
In simpler wording: the global surface temperature (GST) is calculated by averaging the temperatures over sea ( sea surface temperature) and land ( surface air temperature ). In comparison, the global mean surface air temperature (GSAT) is the "global average of near-surface air temperatures over land, oceans and sea ice.