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Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. [ 1 ]
The Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has worked with scientists, since 1981, to find new methods to replace the use of laboratory animals in experiments, reduce the number of animals tested, and refine necessary tests to eliminate pain and distress (the Three Rs as described in Russell and Burch's Principles of Humane Experimental Technique). [1]
2000-2003 - EU regulators accepted the first three replacement alternatives to animal-based toxicity testing. One of these, a phototoxicity test, had been validated in a 1997 study that involved the FAL. [3] 2007 - The new FRAME Alternatives Laboratory opened at the University of Nottingham Medical School. [4]
Refinement: use of methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm and improve welfare for the animals used. The 3Rs have a broader scope than simply encouraging alternatives to animal testing, but aim to improve animal welfare and scientific quality where the use of animals cannot be avoided. In many ...
The EPAA is a public-private partnership involving the European Commission (EC) and European industry sectors involved in the development of alternative approaches toward animal experimentation. The actions undertaken by the EPAA arise from communication and cooperation between services of the EC and industry, focused on regulatory compliance ...
The LAL test is a major source of animal product dependence in the biomedical industry, and a challenge to the Three Rs of science in relation to the use of animals in testing. With reports of higher-than anticipated mortality rates [7] it has been considered more ethical to devise alternatives to the test. [12]
According to the association, conventional literature databases are still dominated by research that uses animals while non-animal methods are drowning in a flood of animal testing studies. The association says that the full potential of modern human-based research methods has not yet been exploited - countless animals continue to suffer and ...
Pages in category "Alternatives to animal testing" ... Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments ... Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods;