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Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.
Vitamin D 3 was shown to result from the ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Although a chemical nomenclature for vitamin D forms was recommended in 1981, [12] alternative names remain commonly used. [3] Chemically, the various forms of vitamin D are secosteroids, meaning that one of the bonds in the steroid rings is broken. [13]
Some women may need to take iron, vitamin C, or calcium supplements during pregnancy, but only on the advice of a doctor. In the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 52% of adults in the United States reported taking at least one dietary supplement in the last month and 35% reported regular use of multivitamin ...
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine to meet the requirements of 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group. The definition implies that the intake level would cause a harmful nutrient deficiency in ...
These two forms of vitamin D are metabolized in the liver and stored as 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [4] Before biological use, the storage form must be converted into an active form. One common active form is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. [4] The term vitamin D in this article means cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and the active forms ...
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D 2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food. It is used as a dietary supplement [3] to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency [4] due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [5]
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The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...