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Special care should be taken in depressed highways, where piers and walls should be placed at least 2 feet (0.61 m) beyond the outer edge of either shoulder. Slopes in the clear zone should be at most 1:4, and should typically be 1:6. Curbs: No curb is to be placed nearer to the roadway than the outside edge of the paved shoulder. Any curb is ...
The primary US guidance is found in A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). [2] Other standards include the Australian Guide to Road Design Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, and the British Design Manual for Roads.
A shoulder (American English), hard shoulder (British English) [1] or breakdown lane (Australian English) is an emergency stopping lane by the verge on the outer side of a road or motorway. Many wider freeways , or expressways elsewhere have shoulders on both sides of each directional carriageway—in the median, as well as at the outer edges ...
Azerbaijan has about 29,000 km (18,000 mi) of paved roads; the first paved roads were built during the Russian Empire. The road network, from rural roads to motorways, is today undergoing a rapid modernization with rehabilitations and extensions. For every 1,000 km 2 (390 sq mi) of national territory, there are 334 km (208 mi) of roads.
In Norway, yellow lines are used to separate traffic moving in opposite directions and on the left shoulders of paved roads, and white lines are used to separate traffic moving in the same direction, and on the right shoulders of paved roads. On roads narrower than 6 m (20 ft), the centerline is removed, and the shoulder lines are broken.
Texas has many long stretches of roadways across the state, most with wide paved shoulders. Shoulders allow drivers to pull over, or in some cases, allow other cars to pass them.
The DMRB is used to design trunk roads such as the A20 in the UK. The Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) is a series of 15 volumes that provide standards, advice notes and other documents relating to the design, assessment and operation of trunk roads, including motorways in the United Kingdom, and, with some amendments, the Republic of Ireland.
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.