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Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]
A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell. Hemolysis or haemolysis (/ h iː ˈ m ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /), [1] also known by several other names, is the rupturing of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).
In the end, if the plasma concentration of the "free met-hemoglobin" and/or "free hemoglobin" is still too high for proximal tubule to absorb back into the body, then hemoglobinuria occurs, [3] indicating an extensive intravascular hemolysis. [3] These remaining free hemoglobin entities also begin to consume nitric oxide, which is critical ...
This is an effect of intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin separates from red blood cells, a form of anemia. Hemoglobinemia can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. When hemoglobinemia is internally caused, it is a result of recessive genetic defects that cause the red blood cells to lyse , letting the hemoglobin spill out of the ...
Free hemoglobin may be found in the urine resulting from hemolysis, and myoglobin may be found in the urine resulting from rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown). [6] [5] Thus, a positive dipstick test does not necessarily indicate hematuria; rather, microscopy of the urine showing three of more red blood cells per high power field confirms ...
Hemosiderinuria (syn. haemosiderinuria) is the presence of hemosiderin in urine. [1] It is often the result of chronic intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin is released from red blood cells into the bloodstream in excess of the binding capacity of haptoglobin. The function of haptoglobin is to bind to circulating hemoglobin, thereby ...
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). [2]
Clinically, dark urine from hemoglobinuria may be observed because the hemolysis is intravascular (see Pathophysiology below). [4] Blood smear of a patient with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). Notice that some red blood cells are nucleated. This is a characteristic finding in such blood smears.