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  2. List of organisms by chromosome count - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organisms_by...

    The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.

  3. Karyotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype

    The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23). [4] [5] p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46. So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies.

  4. List of genetic hybrids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_hybrids

    Order Proboscidea. Family Elephantidae. At Chester Zoo in the United Kingdom, a cross between an African elephant (male) and an Asian elephant (female). The male calf was named Motty. It died of intestinal infection after ten days. Class Aves. Order Strigiformes. Family Strigidae. Genus Strix. Hybrids between spotted owls and barred owls [16 ...

  5. Polyploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy

    Polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. [45] This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, prokaryotes, may be polyploid, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni. [46] Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell.

  6. Genome diversity and karyotype evolution of mammals

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_diversity_and...

    The first step of the Human Genome Project took place when Tjio and Levan, in 1956, reported the accurate diploid number of human chromosomes as 2n = 46. [ 6 ] During this phase, data on the karyotypes of hundreds of mammalian species (including information on diploid numbers, relative length and morphology of chromosomes, presence of B ...

  7. Bilateria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria

    Bilateria (/ ˌ b aɪ l ə ˈ t ɪər i ə /) [5] is a large clade or infrakingdom of animals called bilaterians (/ ˌ b aɪ l ə ˈ t ɪər i ə n /), [6] characterised by bilateral symmetry (i.e. having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other) during embryonic development.

  8. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles. [30] The process ends with telophase II, which is similar to telophase I, and is marked by decondensation and lengthening of the chromosomes and the disassembly of the spindle. Nuclear envelopes re-form and cleavage or cell plate formation ...

  9. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    The thick lines are chromosomes, and the thin blue lines are fibers pulling on the chromosomes and pushing the ends of the cell apart. The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1]