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The Thirtieth of September Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan 30 September, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh, Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members.
The Madiun Affair (Indonesian: Peristiwa Madiun), known locally as the Communist Party of Indonesia rebellion of 1948 (Indonesian: Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia 1948), was an armed conflict between the government of the self-proclaimed Republic of Indonesia and the left-wing opposition group Front Demokrasi Rakyat (FDR, People's Democratic Front) during the Indonesian National ...
Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI [a] ([pəŋxiaˈnatan ˈɡe ˈtiɡa ˈpulʊh ˈɛs ˈpe ˈka ˈi]; Indonesian for Treachery of G30S/PKI) is a 1984 Indonesian docudrama co-written and directed by Arifin C. Noer, produced by G. Dwipayana, and starring Amoroso Katamsi, Umar Kayam, and Syubah Asa.
With the support of Sukarno and the air force, the party gained increasing influence at the expense of the army, thus ensuring the army's enmity. [5] By late 1965, the army was divided between a left-wing faction allied with the PKI and a right-wing faction that was being courted by the United States. [6]
Thus, the new army would not only contain communists. Siswoyo noted that the PKI agreed that if it were formed, the Fifth Force would be led by a non-PKI officer. That being Major General Achmadi Hadisoemarto nominated by President Sukarno as Chief of Staff, as he was already tasked in inspecting Fifth Force troop files. [14]: 177 [17]
Among the participants were members of the PKI-affiliated youth group Pemuda Rakyat. [3] The well down which the generals' bodies were dumped, 2013. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, members of the 30 September Movement, left their base at Lubang Buaya on a mission to kidnap seven generals, all members of the Army General Staff. [3]
There was no disguise associated with PKI membership, and most suspects were easy to identify within communities. [65] The U.S. Embassy in Jakarta supplied the Indonesian military with lists of up to 5,000 suspected communists. [33] [35] [36] Although some PKI branches organised resistance and reprisal killings, most went passively to their ...
Although the PKI supported Sukarno, it retained its political autonomy; in March 1960, the party denounced the president's undemocratic handling of the budget. On 8 July of that year, Harian Rakyat carried an article critical of the government. The PKI leadership was arrested by the army, but was later released in accordance with Sukarno's orders.