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The Sun–Earth Lagrangian points L 2 and L 1 are usually given as 1.5 million km from Earth. If the mass of the smaller object (M E) is much smaller than the mass of the larger object (M S), then the quintic equation can be greatly reduced and L 1 and L 2 are at approximately the radius of the Hill sphere, given by:
An illustration of the five-point stencil in one and two dimensions (top, and bottom, respectively). In numerical analysis, given a square grid in one or two dimensions, the five-point stencil of a point in the grid is a stencil made up of the point itself together with its four "neighbors".
The following names are assigned to polynomials according to their degree: [2] [3] [4] Special case – zero (see § Degree of the zero polynomial, below) Degree 0 – non-zero constant [5] Degree 1 – linear; Degree 2 – quadratic; Degree 3 – cubic; Degree 4 – quartic (or, if all terms have even degree, biquadratic) Degree 5 – quintic
In binary (base-2) math, multiplication by a power of 2 is merely a register shift operation. Thus, multiplying by 2 is calculated in base-2 by an arithmetic shift. The factor (2 −1) is a right arithmetic shift, a (0) results in no operation (since 2 0 = 1 is the multiplicative identity element), and a (2 1) results in a left arithmetic shift ...
In Euclidean and projective geometry, five points determine a conic (a degree-2 plane curve), just as two (distinct) points determine a line (a degree-1 plane curve).There are additional subtleties for conics that do not exist for lines, and thus the statement and its proof for conics are both more technical than for lines.
It is inspired by the typographic practice of end marks, an element that marks the end of an article. [1] [2] In Unicode, it is represented as character U+220E ∎ END OF PROOF. Its graphic form varies, as it may be a hollow or filled rectangle or square. In AMS-LaTeX, the symbol is automatically appended at the end of a proof environment ...
This statement, due to Tunnell's theorem (Tunnell 1983), is related to the fact that n is a congruent number if and only if the elliptic curve y 2 = x 3 − n 2 x has a rational point of infinite order (thus, under the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, its L-function has a zero at 1). The interest in this statement is that the condition is ...
The Hoffman–Singleton theorem states that any Moore graph with girth 5 must have degree 2, 3, 7, or 57. The Moore graphs are: [3] The complete graphs K n on n > 2 nodes (diameter 1, girth 3, degree n − 1, order n) The odd cycles C 2n+1 (diameter n, girth 2n + 1, degree 2, order 2n + 1). This includes C 5 with diameter 2, girth 5, degree 2 ...