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Signs of hyperestrogenism may include heightened levels of one or more of the estrogen sex hormones (usually estradiol and/or estrone), lowered levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and/or luteinizing hormone (due to suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis by estrogen), and lowered levels of androgens such as testosterone (generally only relevant to males). [1]
Estradiol (E2), also called oestrogen, oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of female reproductive cycles such as estrous and menstrual cycles .
Estradiol levels with 50 to 100 μg/day transdermal estradiol patches applied to the forearm and to the scrotum in a crossover study in 2 men with prostate cancer. [204] In 35 men treated continuously with one 100 μg/day estradiol patch scrotally, the mean estradiol level was ~500 pg/mL (range ~125–1,200 pg/mL). [204]
Zinc and vitamin D are also essential for bone health but have the added benefit for men over 50 by reducing the risk of erectile dysfunction, a condition commonly affecting men over age 40 ...
50–100 mg 1x/3–6 months Notes: Premenopausal women produce about 230 ± 70 μg testosterone per day (6.4 ± 2.0 mg testosterone per 4 weeks), with a range of 130 to 330 μg per day (3.6–9.2 mg per 4 weeks).
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
Estradiol, testosterone, and prolactin levels with 100 mg/month estradiol undecylate in oil by intramuscular injection in 14 to 28 men with prostate cancer. [65] A follow-up of the study with more men and with additional hormones was also subsequently published. [70] Sources were Jacobi & Altwein (1979) and Derra (1981). [65] [70]
In men, estrogens can cause breast development, feminization, infertility, low testosterone levels, and sexual dysfunction among others. Estrogens are agonists of the estrogen receptors , the biological targets of endogenous estrogens like estradiol .