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Average number of moderate-to-severe hot flashes per week with placebo and different doses of oral estradiol in menopausal women [40] [41]. Estradiol is used in menopausal hormone therapy to prevent and treat moderate to severe menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness and atrophy, and osteoporosis (bone loss). [11]
[50] [17] [28] [47] These men were age 51 to 84 years (mean 68 years), and men with pre-existing cardiovascular disease were excluded. [ 12 ] [ 17 ] [ 51 ] A considerable incidence of cardiovascular complications was reported for the estradiol undecylate group (76%; 16/21 incidence total); there was a 67% (14/21) incidence of cardiovascular ...
Estradiol (E2), also called oestrogen, oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of female reproductive cycles such as estrous and menstrual cycles .
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
Estradiol levels with 50 to 100 μg/day transdermal estradiol patches applied to the forearm and to the scrotum in a crossover study in 2 men with prostate cancer. [204] In 35 men treated continuously with one 100 μg/day estradiol patch scrotally, the mean estradiol level was ~500 pg/mL (range ~125–1,200 pg/mL). [204]
High-dose estrogen therapy has been used successfully in the treatment of sexual deviance such as paraphilias in men. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] However, it has been found to produce many side effects (e.g., gynecomastia , feminization , cardiovascular disease , blood clots ), and so is no longer recommended for such purposes. [ 45 ]
Polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), sold under the brand name Estradurin, is an estrogen medication which is used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. [1] [9] [2] [10] It is also used in women to treat breast cancer, as a component of hormone therapy to treat low estrogen levels and menopausal symptoms, and as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.
A stronger suppression of testosterone levels was observed in men following daily treatment with a combined oral contraceptive containing 50 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.5 mg norgestrel for 9 days. [8] However, investigation revealed that the progestin was the more important component responsible for the suppression in testosterone levels. [ 8 ]