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Under normal conditions germanium tetraiodide (GeI 4) is a solid, germanium tetrafluoride (GeF 4) a gas and the others volatile liquids. For example, germanium tetrachloride, GeCl 4, is obtained as a colorless fuming liquid boiling at 83.1 °C by heating the metal with chlorine. [36]
The great majority of organogermanium compounds are tetrahedral with the formula GeR 4−n X n where X = H, Cl, etc. Ge-C bonds are air-stable, although Ge-H bonds can undergo air-oxidation. The first organogermanium compound, tetraethylgermane, synthesized by Winkler in 1887, [3] by the reaction of germanium tetrachloride with diethylzinc.
To give provisional names to his predicted elements, Dmitri Mendeleev used the prefixes eka- / ˈ iː k ə-/, [note 1] dvi- or dwi-, and tri-, from the Sanskrit names of digits 1, 2, and 3, [3] depending upon whether the predicted element was one, two, or three places down from the known element of the same group in his table.
Two oxides of germanium are known: germanium dioxide (GeO 2, germania) and germanium monoxide, (GeO). [4] The dioxide, GeO 2 can be obtained by roasting germanium disulfide (GeS 2) or by allowing elemental germanium to slowly oxidze in air, [5] and is a white powder that is only slightly soluble in water but reacts with alkalis to form germanates. [4]
BaGe 4 O 9 has a complex structure containing 4 and 6 coordinate germanium. [ citation needed ] Germanates are important for geoscience as they possess similar structures to silicates and can be used as analogues for studying the behaviour of silicate minerals found in the Earth's mantle ; [ 5 ] for example, MnGeO 3 has a pyroxene type ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 January 2025. Periodic table of the elements with eight or more periods Extended periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Development of the table of chemical elements The American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg —after whom the element seaborgium is named—standing in front of a periodic table, May 19, 1950 Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms 18-column 32-column Alternative and extended ...
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