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Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [3] ... Riboflavin is the biosynthetic precursor of FMN and FAD.
The enzyme 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase (DHBP synthase) (RibB) EC 4.1.99.12 catalyses the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to formate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate, the latter serving as the biosynthetic precursor for the xylene ring of riboflavin. [1]
Riboflavin: A precursor of coenzymes called FAD and FMN, which are needed for flavoprotein enzyme reactions, including activation of other vitamins Vitamin B 3: Niacin (nicotinic acid) A precursor of coenzymes called NAD and NADP, which are needed in many metabolic processes. Niacinamide: Nicotinamide riboside: Vitamin B 5: Pantothenic acid
It is a colorless solid. It is a precursor for the production of riboflavin (vitamin B 2). [1] The compound is prepared by two routes: hydrogenation of (2-chloromethyl)-4-nitrotoluene and reaction of the bromoxylene with ammonia. [1]
There are 18 key atoms in isoalloxazine that make up its characteristic three-ring structure. The R-group varies and differentiates various flavins. Riboflavin. Flavins (from Latin flavus, "yellow") refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof.
Similarly, pantetheine (a vitamin B5 derivative), a precursor of coenzyme A and thioester-dependent synthesis, can be formed spontaneously under evaporative conditions. [70] Other coenzymes may have existed early on Earth, such as pterins (a derivative of vitamin B9), flavins (FAD, flavin mononucleotide = FMN), and riboflavin (vitamin B2). [71]
Humans can produce some vitamins from precursors they consume: for example, vitamin A is synthesized from beta carotene; and niacin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. [54] Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others. Vitamin B 12 is the only vitamin or nutrient not available from plant sources.
FAD plays a major role as an enzyme cofactor along with flavin mononucleotide, another molecule originating from riboflavin. [8] Bacteria, fungi and plants can produce riboflavin, but other eukaryotes, such as humans, have lost the ability to make it. [9] Therefore, humans must obtain riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, from dietary sources. [14]
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