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The Uyghur population within China generally remains centered in Xinjiang region with some smaller subpopulations elsewhere in the country, such as in Taoyuan County where an estimated 5,000–10,000 live. [118] [119] The size of the Uyghur population, particularly in China, has been the subject of dispute.
Modern Uyghurs developed ethnogenesis in 1955, when the PRC recognized formerly separately self-identified oasis peoples. [97] Southern Xinjiang is home to most of the Uyghur population, about nine million people, out of a total population of twenty million; fifty-five percent of Xinjiang's Han population, mainly urban, live in the north.
There were several Uyghur factions during Yang's rule in Xinjiang, which did not intermarry and were fierce rivals. The Qarataghlik Uyghurs were content to live under Chinese rule, while the Agtachlik Uyghurs were hostile to Chinese rule. [73] Uyghur independence activists staged several uprisings against post-Qing and Sheng-Kuomintang rule.
East Turkestan or East Turkistan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان, ULY: Sherqiy Türkistan, UKY: Шәрқий Туркистан), also called Uyghuristan (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇرىستان, UKY: Уйғуристан), is a loosely-defined geographical region in the northwestern part of the People's Republic of China, on the cross roads of East and Central Asia. [6]
The following ethnic groups living in China are not recognized by the Chinese government: Äynu people – classified as Uyghurs; Altai people – classified as Mongols [11] Fuyu Kyrgyz people – classified as Kyrgyz; Gejia people – classified as Miao; Bajia (八甲人; Bājiǎrén) Deng people; Hu people – classified as Bulang
There are 43 Uyghurs there, plus another five being held in a Bangkok prison for trying to escape. They are the last of around 350 who fled China in 2013 and 2014.
China denies the allegations, but the U.S. has called it a genocide. CBS News reporter Haley Ott spoke to Uyghur activist Zumretay Arkin about the situation and the world's response.
Uyghur Muslims and Hui Muslims have experienced a growth in major tensions against each other due to the Hui population surging in its growth. Some old Uyghurs in Kashgar remember that the Hui army at the Battle of Kashgar (1934) massacred 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghurs, which caused tension as more Hui moved into Kashgar from other parts of China. [103]