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An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference from any succeeding term to its preceding term remains constant throughout the sequence. The constant difference is called common difference of that arithmetic progression.
Sequences dn + a with odd d are often ignored because half the numbers are even and the other half is the same numbers as a sequence with 2d, if we start with n = 0. For example, 6n + 1 produces the same primes as 3n + 1, while 6n + 5 produces the same as 3n + 2 except for the only even prime 2. The following table lists several arithmetic ...
Other examples of sequences include those made up of rational numbers, real numbers and complex numbers. The sequence (.9, .99, .999, .9999, ...), for instance, approaches the number 1. In fact, every real number can be written as the limit of a sequence of rational numbers (e.g. via its decimal expansion, also see completeness of the real ...
This has an interesting corollary pertaining to graphs on vertices where every edge of lies in a unique triangle. In specific, all of these graphs must have o ( N 2 ) {\displaystyle o(N^{2})} edges. Take a set A {\displaystyle A} with no 3-term arithmetic progressions.
This characterization is because the order-linear recurrence relation can be understood as a proof of linear dependence between the sequences (+) = for =, …,. An extension of this argument shows that the order of the sequence is equal to the dimension of the sequence space generated by ( s n + r ) n = 0 ∞ {\displaystyle (s_{n+r})_{n=0 ...
An example is the sequence of primes (3, 7, 11), which is given by = + for . According to the Green–Tao theorem , there exist arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions in the sequence of primes. Sometimes the phrase may also be used about primes which belong to an arithmetic progression which also contains composite numbers.
In more advanced mathematics the monotone convergence theorem usually refers to a fundamental result in measure theory due to Lebesgue and Beppo Levi that says that for sequences of non-negative pointwise-increasing measurable functions (), taking the integral and the supremum can be interchanged with the result being finite if either one is ...
The elements of an arithmetico-geometric sequence () are the products of the elements of an arithmetic progression (in blue) with initial value and common difference , = + (), with the corresponding elements of a geometric progression (in green) with initial value and common ratio , =, so that [4]