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Typically, analysis of physical form focuses on street pattern, lot (or, in the UK, plot) pattern and building pattern, sometimes referred to collectively as urban grain. Analysis of specific settlements is usually undertaken using cartographic sources and the process of development is deduced from comparison of historic maps.
Ribbon development in Stadskanaal, Netherlands. Ribbon development refers to the building of houses along the routes of communications radiating from a human settlement.The resulting linear settlements are clearly visible on land use maps and aerial photographs, giving cities and the countryside a particular character. [1]
Urban camouflage is the use of camouflage patterns chosen to make soldiers and equipment harder to see in built-up areas, places such as cities and industrial parks, during urban warfare. [1] [2] Several armed forces have developed urban camouflage patterns. Some are in use with paramilitary forces.
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. [ 1 ] Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogonal geometry, facilitate movement.
"The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History", Spiro Kostof, 2nd Edition, Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1999 ISBN 978-0-500-28099-7; The American City: A Social and Cultural History, Daniel J. Monti Jr., Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp. ISBN 978-1-55786-918-0.
A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction is a 1977 book on architecture, urban design, and community livability.It was authored by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein of the Center for Environmental Structure of Berkeley, California, with writing credits also to Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-King and Shlomo Angel.
Urban structure is the arrangement of land use in urban areas, in other words, how the land use of a city is set out. [1] Urban planners , economists , and geographers have developed several models that explain where different types of people and businesses tend to exist within the urban setting.
The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt. [1] It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth.