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Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach; 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks; 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak; 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States; 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak; 2012 outbreak of Salmonella; 2012–2013 flu season; 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak; 2015 Bronx Legionnaires ...
According to research by the CDC, chronic disease is also especially a concern in the elderly population in America. Chronic diseases like stroke, heart disease, and cancer were among the leading causes of death among Americans aged 65 or older in 2002, accounting for 61% of all deaths among this subset of the population. [15]
The natural history of a disease is sometimes said to start at the moment of exposure to causal agents. [2] Knowledge of the natural history of disease ranks alongside causal understanding in importance for disease prevention and control. Natural history of disease is one of the major elements of descriptive epidemiology. [2]
2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks; 2006 North American E. coli outbreak in spinach; 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak; 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States; 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak; 2012 outbreak of Salmonella; 2012–2013 flu season; 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak; 2015 United States E. coli outbreak
The many diseases caused by viruses included foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest of cattle, avian and swine influenza, swine fever and bluetongue of sheep. Viral diseases of livestock can be devastating both to farmers and the wider community, as the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the UK in 2001 showed. [228]
Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the medical advances that made 20th-century epidemics much rarer and less lethal. Micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) had been discovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation conclusively, allowing germ theory and Robert ...
This disease may also have been a contributing factor in the death of 12th US President Zachary Taylor due to the unsanitary conditions in Washington, DC, in the mid-19th century. [23] [24] During the American Civil War, 81,360 Union soldiers died of typhoid or dysentery, far more than died of battle wounds. [25]