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When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary. The following carbon equivalent formula is used to determine if a spot weld will fail in high-strength low-alloy steel due to excessive hardenability: [2]
The weldability, also known as joinability, [1] of a material refers to its ability to be welded. Many metals and thermoplastics can be welded, but some are easier to weld than others (see Rheological weldability). A material's weldability is used to determine the welding process and to compare the final weld quality to other materials.
Carbon monoxide: 1.505 0.0398500 Carbon tetrachloride: ... Units. 1 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 1 m 6 ·Pa/mol 2 = 10 L 2 ·bar/mol 2.
The hardenability of ferrous alloys, i.e. steels, is a function of the carbon content and other alloying elements and the grain size of the austenite. [1] The relative importance of the various alloying elements is calculated by finding the equivalent carbon content of the material.
Most experimentally determined values of the thermal contact resistance fall between 0.000005 and 0.0005 m 2 K/W (the corresponding range of thermal contact conductance is 200,000 to 2000 W/m 2 K). To know whether the thermal contact resistance is significant or not, magnitudes of the thermal resistances of the layers are compared with typical ...
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
siemens (S = Ω −1) L −2 M −1 T 3 I 2: scalar Electrical conductivity: σ: Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current S/m L −3 M −1 T 3 I 2: scalar Electric potential: φ: Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point volt (V = J/C) L 2 M T −3 I −1: extensive, scalar ...
In physics and chemistry, binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts. [1] In the former meaning the term is predominantly used in condensed matter physics , atomic physics , and chemistry, whereas in nuclear physics the ...