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The syndrome is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which causes periods of absent or reduced breathing in sleep, resulting in many partial awakenings during the night and sleepiness during the day. [1] The disease puts strain on the heart, which may lead to heart failure and leg swelling.
Pathophysiology of obesity is the study of disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with obesity. A number of possible pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified which may contribute in the development and maintenance of obesity.
Death rate from obesity, 2019. Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic physical and mental illnesses.. The health effects of being overweight but not obese are controversial, with some studies showing that the mortality rate for individuals who are classified as overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9) may actually be lower than for those with an ideal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9). [1]
Other social-demographic factors such as income, gender, education level, children, living with a romantic partner, and smoking levels do not have an effect on NES. [2] Furthermore, there have been contradictory conclusions on whether a higher BMI is a risk factor of NES, or if it is simply a consequence of night eating behavior.
Being overweight or having obesity may increase the risk of several diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers, and may lead to short- and long-term health problems during pregnancy. [2] Rates of obesity worldwide tripled from 1975 to 2016 to involve some 1.8 billion people and 39% of the world adult population. [3]
According to one study, factors like these may play as big of a role as excessive food energy intake and a lack of physical activity; [104] however, the relative magnitudes of the effects of any proposed cause of obesity is varied and uncertain, as there is a general need for randomized controlled trials on humans before definitive statement ...
Dyspnea is a subjective symptom, meaning it can only be expressed by the person experiencing it, and it is imperative in diagnosis to distinguish it from other breathing problems. [5] Dyspnea is typically the sensation of feeling short of breath and should not be confused with rapid breathing ( tachypnea ), excessive breathing ( hyperpnea ) or ...
There is debate regarding whether obesity or insulin resistance is the cause of the metabolic syndrome or if they are consequences of a more far-reaching metabolic derangement. Markers of systemic inflammation , including C-reactive protein , are often increased, as are fibrinogen , interleukin 6 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and others.