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Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the lowest part of the spine and occurs when a fetus's neural tube does not fully close, causing the backbone that protects the spinal cord not to form ...
Medical imaging can confirm the diagnosis after birth. [5] Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect related to but distinct from other types such as anencephaly and encephalocele. [13] Most cases of spina bifida can be prevented if the mother gets enough folate before and during pregnancy. [3]
Anencephaly can be diagnosed before delivery with a high degree of accuracy. Although anencephaly is a fatal condition, the option of abortion is dependent on the abortion laws in the state. [34] According to a 2013 report, 26% of the world's population reside in a country where abortion is generally prohibited.
Risks of fetal surgery, specifically prenatal spina bifida repair, include premature rupture of membranes, uterine rupture in future pregnancies, premature birth and intraspinal inclusion cysts or a tethered cord in the fetus or newborn baby. [4] Open fetal surgery has proven to be reasonably safe for the mother. [3]
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Spina bifida occulta means hidden split spine. [20] In this type of neural tube defect, the meninges do not herniate through the opening in the spinal canal. [19] The most frequently seen form of spina bifida occulta is when parts of the bones of the spine, called the spinous process, and the neural arch appear abnormal on a radiogram, without ...
For example, a lack of folic acid, a B vitamin, in the diet of a mother can cause cellular neural tube deformities that result in spina bifida. Congenital disorders such as a neural tube deformity can be prevented by 72% if the mother consumes 4 mg of folic acid before the conception and after twelve weeks of pregnancy. [ 70 ]
Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta.A small (3–4 mm) incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity.