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Pashto verbs are of four categories: simple verbs, prefixed verbs, a-initial verbs and compound verbs. Prefixed verbs, a-initial verbs and compound verbs are separable. Pashto verbs can be conjugated by the bases they have. Present and imperative forms are formed on present bases. Past, optative, and infinitive forms are formed on past bases.
At the end of verbs it is used to form verbal participle in the masculine. ^2 If ۍ ends a word it always indicates that the word it occurs in is feminine. ^3 If ئ occurs at the end of a verb, it indicates the verb is in second person plural form. ^4 If ې appears at end of nouns and adjectives it indicates that those are feminine.
Pashto syllable structure can be summarized as follows; parentheses enclose optional components: (C 1 C 2 (C 3)) (S 1) V (S 2) (C 4 (C 5)); Pashto syllable structure consists of an optional syllable onset, consisting of one or two consonants; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, consisting of ...
Pashto is categorized as an Eastern Iranian language, [251] but a remarkably large number of words are unique to Pashto. [252] [253] Pashto morphology in relation to verbs is complex compared to other Iranian languages. [254] In this respect MacKenzie states: [255]
In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order. If English were SOV, "Sam apples ate" would be an ordinary sentence, as opposed to the actual Standard English "Sam ate apples" which is subject–verb–object (SVO).
According to Encyclopædia Iranica Waṇetsi branched off from the other Pashto dialects in the Middle Iranian stage: [7]. Some of Waṇetsi's particularities (e.g. šwī “twenty,” mōš “we,” [a]γa “of;” the pres. endings; retention of rž; loss of -t-) prove that it must have split off from Paṣ̌to at an early Middle Iranic stage, considerably before the constitution of a ...
Dialectical Map of Pashto: An edited map of the Pashtun tribes, from Olaf Caroe’s “The Pathans”. The North Eastern dialects have been highlighted in dark blue, the North Western dialects in light blue, the North-Central (North Karlāṇi) is pink, the South-Central (South Karlāṇi) in red, the South Eastern in orange and the South Western in yellow.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 January 2025. Group of Eastern Iranic languages For other uses, see Scythian (disambiguation). It has been suggested that this article be split into a new article titled Pontic Scythian language. (discuss) (November 2024) Scythian Geographic distribution Central Asia, West Asia, Eastern Europe ...