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Knee: genu varum (from Latin genu = knee) — the tibia is turned inward in relation to the femur, resulting in a bowlegged deformity. Ankle: talipes varus (from Latin talus = ankle and pes = foot). A notable subtype is clubfoot or talipes equinovarus, which is where one or both feet are rotated inwards and downwards. [6] [7]
The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is a ligament on the lateral aspect of the human knee, anterior to the fibular collateral ligament. [1]Perhaps the earliest account of the ALL was written by French surgeon Paul Segond in 1879, in which he described a ligamentous structure between the lateral femur and tibia.
The calcaneocuboid ligament (ligamentum calcaneocuboideum) is fixed to the medial side of the cuboid and forms one of the principal bonds between the first and second rows of the tarsal bones. The calcaneonavicular ligament (ligamentum calcaneonaviculare) is attached to the lateral side of the navicular. (Note this is NOT the spring ligament ...
Common causes of knock-knee in adults include arthritis of the knee and traumatic injuries. Toe: hallux valgus (from Latin hallux = big toe) – outward deviation of the big toe toward the second toe, resulting in bunion. Wrist: Madelung's deformity – deformity wherein the wrist bones are not formed properly due to a genetic disorder.
The examiner's fingers monitor the medial joint space for gapping while placing the opposite hand on the ankle. The knee is placed in 20° of flexion. The examiner then uses their own thigh as a fulcrum at the knee and applies a valgus force (pulling the foot and ankle away from the patient's body).
The physician supports the thigh against the side of the exam table and applies a varus force to the knee joint while holding the ankle or foot, first at 0°of flexion and then at 30°. As the knee is stressed, the practitioner should feel for increased gapping at the lateral joint space.
The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower ...
The calcaneofibular ligament is commonly sprained ligament in ankle injuries. [2] It may be injured individually, or in combination with other ligaments such as the anterior talofibular ligament and the posterior talofibular ligament. [2]