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  2. Doctrine of cash equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_Cash_Equivalence

    The Doctrine of Cash Equivalence states that the U.S. Federal income tax law treats certain non-cash payment transactions like cash payment transactions for federal income tax purposes. [1] The doctrine is used most often for deciding when cash method (as opposed to accrual method ) taxpayers are to include certain non-cash income items.

  3. Itemized deduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itemized_deduction

    Medical expenses, only to the extent that the expenses exceed 7.5% (as of the 2018 tax year, when this was reduced from 10%) of the taxpayer's adjusted gross income. [2] (For example, a taxpayer with an adjusted gross income of $20,000 and medical expenses of $5,000 would be eligible to deduct $3,500 of their medical expenses ($20,000 X 7.5% ...

  4. Tax law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_law

    Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via ...

  5. Tax expense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_expense

    As a result, the computation of the tax expense is considerably more complex. Tax law may provide for different treatment (from GAAP) of items of income and expenses as a result of tax policy. The differences may be of permanent or temporary nature. Permanent items are in the form of non taxable income and non taxable expenses.

  6. Internal Revenue Code section 162 (a) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code...

    It concerns deductions for business expenses. It is one of the most important provisions in the Code, because it is the most widely used authority for deductions. [1] If an expense is not deductible, then Congress considers the cost to be a consumption expense. Section 162(a) requires six different elements in order to claim a deduction.

  7. Tax expenditure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_expenditure

    Preferential (lower) tax rates: Capital gains and dividends (0.6% GDP) Tax credits: Earned income tax credit (0.3% GDP) The CBO projected that the top 10 largest tax expenditures would average 6.2% of GDP each year on average over the 2016–2026 period. For scale, federal tax receipts averaged around 18% GDP from 1970 to 2016.

  8. Constructive receipt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_receipt

    The full text of the IRS regulation defining constructive receipt states as follows: [2] Income although not actually reduced to a taxpayer's possession is constructively received by him in the taxable year during which it is credited to his account, set apart for him, or otherwise made available so that he may draw upon it at any time, or so that he could have drawn upon it during the taxable ...

  9. Chart of accounts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart_of_accounts

    Expense accounts are used to recognize expenses. Expenses are outflows or other using up of assets of an entity or incurrences of its liabilities (or a combination of both) from delivering or producing goods, rendering services, or carrying out other activities (CF E81).