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Occasionally, a circumvallate placenta can also increase the risk of neonatal death and emergency caesarean section. Although there is no existing treatment for circumvallate placenta, physicians can attempt to minimize the effects of complications, if they occur, through frequent fetal monitoring and, if necessary, emergency cesarean section. [1]
Circumvallate placenta A circumvallate placenta refers to when the foetal membrane wraps twice around, over the foetal side around the edge of the placenta . This is to compensate for an undersized chorionic plate resulting in a decreased nutritional supply to the foetus.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes O00-O99 within Chapter XV: Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium should be included in this category. v t
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679. The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
One theory is that velamentous cord insertion may arise from the process of placental trophotropism, which is the phenomenon where the placenta migrates towards areas which have better blood flow with advancing gestation. The placenta grows in regions with better blood supply and portions atrophy in regions of poor blood flow.
Placental disease is more common in preterm gestation than with full term. [10] Which leads to serious injuries to both the mother and the new-born. [ 11 ] Women who endured placental disease within the first pregnancy has an increased risk of the disease progressing within future pregnancies. [ 13 ]
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Complications may include placenta accreta, dangerously low blood pressure, or bleeding after delivery. [2] [4] Complications for the baby may include fetal growth restriction. [1] Risk factors include pregnancy at an older age and smoking as well as prior cesarean section, labor induction, or termination of pregnancy.