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Among the findings of cognitive epidemiology is that men with a higher IQ have less risk of dying from coronary heart disease. [20] The association is attenuated, but not removed, when controlling for socio-economic variables, such as educational attainment or income. This suggests that IQ may be an independent risk factor for mortality.
Exposure to violence or trauma was correlated with a 7.5-point (SD, 0.5) decrement in IQ and a 9.8-point (SD, 0.66) decrement in reading achievement. [48] Violence may have a negative impact on IQ, or IQ may be protective against violence. [49] The causal mechanism and direction of causation is unknown. [48]
Most depression symptoms are reported more frequently by females; such as sadness (reported by 85.1% of women and 54.3% of men) and crying (approximately 63.4% of women and 42.9% of men). Women have a higher probability to experience depression than men, with the prevalence of 19.2% and 13.5% respectively. [19]
In the eastern Mediterranean region, it was unipolar major depression (12%) and schizophrenia (7%), and in Africa it was unipolar major depression (7%) and bipolar disorder (5%). [ 79 ] Suicide, which is often attributed to some underlying mental disorder, is a leading cause of death among teenagers and adults under 35.
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months.
IQ scores do not differ to any degree for the same person on different IQ tests, so a person always belongs to the same IQ score range each time the person is tested (IQ score table data and pupil pseudonyms adapted from description of KABC-II norming study cited in Kaufman 2009). [12] [13] Pupil KABC-II WISC-III WJ-III Asher: 90: 95: 111 ...
Women are more likely to attempt suicide than men however, more men die from suicide due to the different methods used. [17] In 2019, the suicide rate in the United States was 3.7 times higher for men than women. [19] The presence of a gender bias results in an increased diagnosis of depression in women than men. [18]
Population studies have consistently shown major depression to be about twice as common in women as in men, although it is not yet clear why this is so. [7] The relative increase in occurrence is related to pubertal development rather than chronological age, reaches adult ratios between the ages of 15 and 18, and appears associated with psychosocial more than hormonal factors.