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Countries by Gender Inequality Index (Data from 2019, published in 2020). Red denotes more gender inequality, and green more equality. [1]The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is an index for the measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report 20th anniversary edition by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women outlaws discrimination on the basis of gender, and obliges its parties to repeal discriminatory laws and guarantee equality in the fields of health, employment, and education. [13] The Optional Protocol is a subsidiary agreement to the convention.
Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is more common.
The goals of the convention were to promote women's rights and address systematic discrimination experienced by women. [5] [1] The rights covered in CEDAW includes women's political participation, education, health, employment, marriage and legal equality. CEDAW also advocates for a change in the traditional roles of men and women.
The United Nations Working Group on business and human rights (WGBHR) has stated that discrimination against women has historically been rooted in patriarchal social norms and power structures. [176] Women's rights movements focus on ending discrimination against women. In this regard, the definition of discrimination itself is important.
Mapping the World of Women's Information Services [1] is an online database of women's information centres, libraries and archives. It was developed in 1998 in the Netherlands by the International Information Centre and Archives for the Women's Movement (IIAV) in collaboration with the Royal Tropical Institute, and Oxfam, GB, with a grant from UNESCO. [2]
Article 6 calls for women to enjoy full equality in civil law, particularly around marriage and divorce, and calls for child marriages to be outlawed. Article 7 calls for the elimination of gender discrimination in criminal punishment. Article 8 calls on states to combat all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women.
The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly. Described as an international bill of rights for women , it was instituted on 3 September 1981 and has been ratified by 189 states. [ 1 ]