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A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico-+ -ectomy), apicectomy (apic-+ -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal treatment) or root-end filling, is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.
The filling promotes cementum and bone formation, [21] [22] blocks bacteria, and is a barrier for the root canal. Inflammation of the periradicular site due to bacteria could cause recovery to deteriorate and induce periradicular infection. [22] Careful evaluation of root canal filling material is required to optimise healing after the procedure.
On the other hand, the root canal filling material may be extruded from the apex leading to other complications. [citation needed] The X-ray in the right margin shows two adjacent teeth that had received bad root canal therapy. The root canal filling material (3, 4, and 10) does not extend to the end of the tooth roots (5, 6 and 11).
Ostensibly, then, for regeneration to occur, the root canal system must have been decontaminated and further access to microbial invasion must be prohibited. Regeneration of the bone has been demonstrated to occur, on average, at a rate of 3.2 mm² per month, and studies suggest that 71% of lesions have achieved complete resolution one year ...
Root resection or root amputation is a type of periradicular surgery in which an entire root of a multiroot tooth is removed. It contrasts with an apicoectomy , where only the tip of the root is removed, and hemisection , where a root and its overlying portion of the crown are separated from the rest of the tooth, and optionally removed.
An apicoectomy can be carried out when a previous root canal treatment fails, and re-root canal treatment is not possible. [14] This may be as a result of anatomical features, such as root dilaceration, which can compromise the completion of cleaning and obturating the root canal system.
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