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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
The efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, using various distinct photosensitizers, has been studied since the 1990s. [9] [7] Most studies have yielded positive outcomes, often achieving disinfection levels, as defined by infection control guidelines, exceeding 5 log 10 (99.999%) of microbial inactivation. [14]
Additional consideration is given to the treatment setting; most patients are cured by oral medication, while others must be hospitalized for intravenous therapy or intensive care. Current treatment guidelines recommend a beta-lactam, like amoxicillin, and a macrolide, like azithromycin or clarithromycin, or a quinolone, such as levofloxacin.
Piperacillin with tazobactam is administered through an intravenous (IV) method, where it is infused into the bloodstream over a period of 30 minutes to 4 hours so that the medication is delivered slowly and steadily. [10] [11] The minimal duration of the infusion of 30 minutes is set for both adults and pediatric patients. [11]
Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antibiotic medication used as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections including pneumonia. [7] [8] These may involve bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Acinetobacter. [9]
Meropenem, sold under the brand name Merrem among others, is an intravenous carbapenem antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. [3] Some of these include meningitis, intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, sepsis, and anthrax.
Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is used to administer non-oral antibiotics (usually intravenously) without the need for ongoing hospitalisation. OPAT is particularly useful for people who are not severely ill but do require a prolonged course of treatment that cannot be given in oral form. [ 1 ]
Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for bacterial pneumonia, with ventilation (oxygen supplement) as supportive therapy. The antibiotic choice depends on the nature of the pneumonia, the microorganisms most commonly causing pneumonia in the geographical region, and the immune status and underlying health of the individual.