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Targeted temperature management (TTM), previously known as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia, is an active treatment that tries to achieve and maintain a specific body temperature in a person for a specific duration of time in an effort to improve health outcomes during recovery after a period of stopped blood flow to the brain. [1]
Controlled rewarming has been cited in the literature as beneficial in preventing reperfusion injury. A complaint levied against the Arctic Sun is the risk of skin injury. A study published in 2007 found that the Arctic Sun caused "skin erythema during the cooling period... in almost all patients," but that no pressure ulcers or frostbite was ...
Hypothermia reduces vasogenic oedema, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration after trauma. [31] The release of excitatory neurotransmitters is reduced, limiting intracellular calcium accumulation. [32] [33] [34] Free radical production is lessened, which protects cells and cellular organelles from oxidative damage during reperfusion. [35]
A hypothermia cap (also referred to as cold cap or cooling cap) is a therapeutic device used to cool the human scalp. Its most prominent medical applications are in preventing or reducing alopecia in chemotherapy , and for preventing cerebral palsy in babies born with neonatal encephalopathy caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) .
Hypothermia is a low core body temperature, defined clinically as a temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). The patient is re-warmed either by using a cardiac bypass or by irrigation of the body cavities (such as thorax, peritoneum, bladder) with warm fluids; or warmed IV fluids.
While moderate hypothermia may be satisfactory for short surgeries, deep hypothermia (20 °C to 25 °C) affords protection for times of 30 to 40 minutes at the bottom of this temperature range. Profound hypothermia (< 14 °C) usually isn't used clinically. It is a subject of research in animals and human clinical trials.
A fluid warmer is a medical device used in healthcare facilities for warming fluids, crystalloid, colloid, or blood products, before being administered (intravenously or by other parenteral routes) to body temperature levels to prevent hypothermia in physically traumatized or surgical patients.
Rewarming is typically continued until a person's temperature is greater than 32 °C (90 °F). [2] If there is no improvement at this point or the blood potassium level is greater than 12 millimoles per litre at any time, resuscitation may be discontinued. [2] Hypothermia is the cause of at least 1,500 deaths a year in the United States. [2]