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Superfluid helium-4 is a liquid rather than a gas, which means that the interactions between the atoms are relatively strong; the original theory of Bose–Einstein condensation must be heavily modified in order to describe it. Bose–Einstein condensation remains, however, fundamental to the superfluid properties of helium-4.
In particle physics, the top quark condensate theory (or top condensation) is an alternative to the Standard Model fundamental Higgs field, where the Higgs boson is a composite field, composed of the top quark and its antiquark.
Condensation of quasiparticles occurs in ultracold gases and materials. The lower masses of material quasiparticles relative to atoms lead to higher BEC temperatures. An ideal Bose gas has a phase transitions when inter-particle spacing approaches the thermal De-Broglie wavelength: k B T = ℏ 2 n 2 / 3 / M {\displaystyle k_{B}T=~\hbar ^{2}n^{2 ...
Bose–Einstein condensation in networks is a phase transition observed in complex networks that can be described by the Bianconi–Barabási model. [1] This phase transition predicts a "winner-takes-all" phenomena in complex networks and can be mathematically mapped to the mathematical model explaining Bose–Einstein condensation in physics.
Tachyon condensation is a process in which a tachyonic field—usually a scalar field—with a complex mass acquires a vacuum expectation value and reaches the minimum of the potential energy. While the field is tachyonic and unstable near the local maximum of the potential, the field gets a non-negative squared mass and becomes stable near the ...
The Gross–Pitaevskii equation can also be derived as the semi-classical limit of the many body theory of s-wave interacting identical bosons represented in terms of coherent states. [24] The semi-classical limit is reached for a large number of quanta, expressing the field theory either in the positive-P representation (generalised Glauber ...
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle . [ 1 ] It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within ...
Canonical quantization or vacuum expectation value, in quantum field theory; Bose–Einstein condensate, a substance which occurs at very low temperatures in a system of bosons; Fermionic condensate, a substance which occurs at very low temperatures in a system of fermions; Gluon condensate, a non-perturbative property of the QCD vacuum